dpkg-cross(1)

Name

   dpkg-cross - manage libraries for cross compiling

Copyright and Licence

    Copyright (C) 1997-2000  Roman Hodek <roman@hodek.net>
    Copyright (C) 2000-2002  Colin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>
    Copyright (C) 2002-2004  David Schleef <ds@schleef.org>
    Copyright (C) 2004  Nikita Youshchenko <yoush@cs.msu.su>
    Copyright (C) 2004  Raphael Bossek <bossekr@debian.org>
    Copyright (c) 2007-2011  Neil Williams <codehelp@debian.org>
    Copyright (c) 2011  Wookey <wookey@debian.org>

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

SYNOPSIS

    dpkg-cross [OPTIONS] [--install|-i] <files...>
    dpkg-cross [OPTIONS] [--build|-b] <files...>
    dpkg-cross [OPTIONS] [--remove|--purge|-r] <packages...>
    dpkg-cross [OPTIONS] [--status|-s] <packages...>
    dpkg-cross [OPTIONS] [--list|-l] <packages...>
    dpkg-cross [OPTIONS] [--list-files|-L] <packages...>
    dpkg-cross [OPTIONS] [--query|-Q] <pkgpath>
    dpkg-cross [OPTIONS] [--update|-u] <pkgpath>

    OPTIONS: [ -v | --verbose ] [ -q | --quiet ]
    { [ -a | --arch ] architecture } { [ -X | --exclude ] PACKAGE }
    [ -A | --convert-anyway ] [ -M | --convert-multiarch ]  [ -k | --keep-temp ]

DESCRIPTION

   dpkg-cross is a tool to install and manage libraries and header files
   for cross compiling. dpkg-cross converts native Debian packages for the
   target architecture to cross compiling support packages that can be
   installed on any architecture, but in different paths to avoid
   conflicts. It then calls dpkg to install the converted package. The
   conversion step alone can be done with the --build option. Other
   options are wrappers around corresponding dpkg functionality.

   dpkg-cross is intended to make it easier for you to keep your cross
   compiling libraries up-to-date, as it works directly on Debian
   packages. It saves you copying the libs and headers from a machine with
   your target  architecture, or extracting them via dpkg-deb
   --fsys-tarfile.

   dpkg-cross also collects and install the .shlibs files in -dev
   packages, which are needed by dpkg-shlibdeps.

CMAKE

   CMake cross-building support is experimental!

   CMake requires a little support from dpkg-cross to cross-build. The
   included cmake support file is an example for Linux kernels.  Use:

    rm CMakeCache.txt
    cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/etc/dpkg-cross/cmake/CMakeCross.txt

   The  main changes involve setting PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR within CMake an
   setting the include directories to locate the cross libraries installed
   by dpkg-cross e.g.

    #Make pkg-config look in the right place
    SET(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR} ${CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH}/lib/pkgconfig/)
    ELSE (CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)

   Packages using cmake may need some tweaks to debian/rules, e.g.

    ifneq ($(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE),$(DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE))
    export CC=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-gcc
    export CXX=$(DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-g++
    export CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/etc/dpkg-cross/cmake/CMakeCross.txt
    else
    export CC=gcc
    export CXX=g++
    endif

OPTIONS

   dpkg-cross follows the usual GNU command line syntax, with long options
   starting with two dashes ('-').

    -h|--help

   Show summary of options.

    -v|--verbose

   Be more verbose.

    -q|--quiet

   Be more quiet.

    -a|--arch architecture

   Install for architecture architecture.

    -i|--install

   Install Debian packages (.deb) named on the command line. Only files in
   the directories /lib, /usr/lib and /usr/include are extracted, since
   only they can be relevant for cross compiling. In the lib directories,
   also no subdirectories are extracted.

    -A|--convert-anyway

   Convert Debian package even if it does not provide any files useful for
   cross-compile environment.

    -M|--convert-multiarch

   Convert package even if it is a multiarch package. If the package is
   not a multiarch package, processing continues as normal.

    -X|--exclude PACKAGE

   Removes the specified package from the dependencies of the current
   package. Typically used to drop dependencies on packages that are not
   required within a cross-build environment, e.g. packages containing
   only executables or architecture independent files.

   dpkg-cross can only check the current package and information about a
   dependency is not available (for that, use xapt). By default, dpkg-
   cross converts all dependencies to specify the cross version of the
   dependency package.

   If you know that a particular dependency should not be converted (it
   provides no useful files or is architecture  independent), that
   dependency can be excluded and dpkg-cross will remove that package from
   the dependency information of the cross package. -X has replaced the
   use of keepdeps and removedeps in /etc/dpkg-cross/cross-compile.

   -X|--exclude PACKAGE needs to be repeated for each package to be
   excluded.

    -k|--keep-temp

   Keep the built and installed package instead of deleting it.  Requires
   --install.

    -b|--build

   Just build the converted Debian package, but do not install it with
   dpkg.

    -r|--remove

   Remove the cross compiling packages named on the command line.

    -s|--status

   Print status of the named packages.

    -l|--list

   Print short version of status of named packages or package name
   patterns.

    -L|--list-files

   List files belonging to the named packages.

    -u|--update

   Update current cross-installation with Debian packages found in/under
   the paths given as arguments. Will check all packages there if they are
   installed already as cross-compiling packages and if they are really
   updates. Those packages will be installed as with -i.

    -Q|--query

   Much like --update, but just prints available update packages and does
   not install them.

FILES

   /etc/dpkg-cross/cross-compile defines the default_arch for dpkg-cross:

   The default architecture for dpkg-cross is normally set by debconf.  To
   change the system-wide value, use:

    $ sudo dpkg-reconfigure dpkg-cross

   Alternatively, the default can be overridden on a per-user basis using
   the optional file in $HOME/.dpkg-cross/

Conversion process

   There is no safe way for dpkg-cross to mangle certain files in -dev
   packages, particularly files in /usr/share or to determine precisely
   which of these files could be parsed and which cannot. Special cases do
   not help - dpkg-cross already has too many of those.

   It is not safe to leave files in the package nor is it safe to move
   files into arbitrary locations when there is no reliable and
   standardised way to determine the usefulness of a particular kind of
   file. Package specific config scripts cannot be supported and even
   build-system specific ones are not necessarily going to work without a
   lot of ongoing maintenance.

   Therefore, "dpkg-cross" is very restrictive on which files are retained
   in the -cross package.

   Files to be converted
   All files in

    /usr/include/*

   Also /usr/src and /usr/lib are searched for includes - files with .h,
   .hh, .hpp extensions (case insensitive).

   Library files - *.so* and *.a and *.o files from /lib and /usr/lib (and
   all the multilib eqivalents (lib64, lib32, libo32, libhf, libx32 etc).
   Other library files are not copied.  *.la files in library directories
   are also copied, and library and paths are modified there. Same for
   /usr/lib/pkgconfig/*.pc files.

   Symlinks are copied (and modified appropriately) if their destination
   is copied. Also, symlinks to non-existing shared libraries are copied
   (this is common case for libdevel packages)

   Directories are created only to hold some files or symlinks.  No empty
   directories are copied.

Multiarch behaviour

   By default <dpkg-cross> does nothing with packages from Debian which
   already support Multi-Arch - the package is simply copied to the
   current work directory, if it does not already exist. Any package
   containing a Multi-Arch: field in DEBIAN/control is skipped in this
   manner.

   --convert-multiarch can be specified to instead force the generation of
   a -<arch>-cross package with the files moved into the conventional
   dpkg-cross locations.

   The Multiarch spec ensures that multiarch packages will only be
   available from Debian mirrors once dpkg itself is capable of installing
   the packages and installing a Multiarch package means being able to
   install a 32bit multiarch package alongside a 64bit multiarch package.
   Installing an armel multiarch package alongside an x86 multiarch
   package is no different to 32bit vs 64bit. (What changes is how the
   multiarch package itself handles the header files and pkg-config
   files.)

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