What is Linux

Linux is a computer operating system (OS) that is developed, assembled and distributed under the model of free and open-source software.

The computer operating system is the computer program called the kernel. The kernel executes and manages the execution of other software programs, interfaces with the physical machine and manages I/O (input/output) requests from software.

How is Linux Used

Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system.

The Android system that is used for smartphones is built on top of the Linux kernel and has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems.

Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and large scale systems such as mainframe computers and supercomputers. Linux also works on some devices whose operating system is implemented in firmware. Examples of this include routers, video games, watches, television controllers, etc.

"The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. The underlying source code may be used, modified, distributed-commercially or non-commercially by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License."

What is a Distribution

The Linux kernel is packaged with libraries, supporting utilities, applications and other programs to form a distribution. The programs that make up a distribution may be focused on providing either a desktop or server environment. They may also focus on some specific aspect or capabilities for either desktop or servers.

Anyone can create a distribution or a collection of Linux software for any use. Some of the most widely used Linux distributions are described below:

Debian

Debian GNU/Linux is a distribution that supports many hardware platforms. Debian and distributions based on it use the .deb package format and the dpkg package manager and its frontends. Debian is known for being well-tested and bug-free. Many consider Debian as a distro for experienced users. The version release cycle is slow with stable releases coming out every one to three years. Debian provides more than a pure OS: it comes with over 43000 packages, precompiled software bundled up in a nice format for easy installation on your machine. Debian

Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a distribution based on Debian, designed to have regular releases, a consistent user experience and commercial support on both desktop and server. It has a predictable, six-month release schedule and is also notable for its ease of use and its inclusion of a migration assistant for Windows users. It is also know for its support of new technology. Ubuntu

Fedora

Fedora is the community supported distribution based on Red Hat Linux. Fedora is particularly strong on enterprise features and has a standard a six-month release schedule. It uses the RPM format for software distribution and updates. Fedora

Mint

Linux Mint is an Ubuntu-based distro. It differs from Ubuntu with custom themes, different applications, graphical tools for enhanced usability, such as mintDesktop for configuring the desktop environment, mintInstall for easier software installation and mintMenu for easier navigation. Mint is one of the most user friendly distributions. Mint

Puppy

Puppy Linux is a compact distro that's ideal for older hardware and situations where computing resources are minimal. The live-CD typically being 85MB, yet there is a complete set of GUI applications. The whole OS is small enough to run directly from system RAM. The system is extremely responsive and applications start quickly and respond instantly. Puppy

Arch

Arch Linux is a simple, lightweight and flexible Linux. A good deal of the configuration has to be done by the user. It is generally consider as a distribution for experts. Arch

More..

There are more than 100 current Linux distributions. Check distrowatch if you are interested in investigating more.